var dom = (document.getElementById) ? true : false;
var ns5 = ((navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Gecko")>-1) && dom) ? true: false;
var ie5 = ((navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE")>-1) && dom) ? true : false;
var ns4 = (document.layers && !dom) ? true : false;
var ie4 = (document.all && !dom) ? true : false;
var nodyn = (!ns5 && !ns4 && !ie4 && !ie5) ? true : false;
var docbod = (document.documentElement) ? document.documentElement : document.body;

var origWidth, origHeight;
if (ns4) {
  origWidth = window.innerWidth; origHeight = window.innerHeight;
  window.onresize = function() { if (window.innerWidth != origWidth || window.innerHeight != origHeight) history.go(0); }
}

if (nodyn) { event = "nope" }

var tipFollowMouse= true; 
var offX= 20; // how far from mouse to show tip
var offY= 12; 

descarray = new Array(
    "Сара́тов; capital of Сара́товская о́бласть (Saratov Province)", //0
    "Xiva/Хива (Khiva), Uzbekistan", //1
    "5000 odd km", //2
    "in Russian Ташкент; now Toshkent/Тошкент, capital of Uzbekistan", //3
    "Новоузенск (Novouzensk); capital of Новоузенский райо́н (Novouzenskaya "
    + "District) in Сара́товская о́бласть (Saratov Province)", //4
    "this is Большой Узень, the \"Bolshoy (Great) Uzen\"", //5
    "in Russian Уральск; now Орал (Oral), Kazakhstan", //6
    "Оренбу́рг; capital of Оренбу́ргская о́бласть (Orenburg Province)", //7
    "Чка́лов; Orenburg bore this name from 1938 to 1957 (ie. at the time "
    + "these Memoirs were published in <i>Der Bote</i>).  The city was given "
    + "this name to honour the Soviet test pilot Valery Chkalov.", //8
    "in Russian Казалинск; now Қазалы (Qazalı), Kazakhstan", //9
    "Орск", //10
    "28&deg;C", //11
    "3.3 tonnes", //12
    "These are Russian pounds (фунт, funt).  1 pud (пуд, pood) = 36.11 Imperial"
    + " pounds or 16.38 kg", //13
    "in Russian Карабутак; now Қарабұтақ (Qarabutaq), Kazakhstan", //14
    "53 km", //15
    "in Russian Иргиз (Irgiz), now Ырғыз (Irğız), Kazakhstan", //16
    "1.1 km", //17
    "2.1 km", //18
    "5.3 km", //19
    "in Russian Новоказалинск; translated into Kazakh, this is Жaңaқаталы "
    + "(Jañaqazalı), but the town is now called Әйтеке Би (Äyteke Bï), "
    + "Kazakhstan", //20
    "<strong>Matthew 5:1&ndash;9 (KJV):</strong><br/>"
    + "<sup>1</sup>And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain: and "
    + " when he was set, his disciples came unto him:"
    + " <sup>2</sup>and he opened his mouth, and taught them, saying,"
    + "<p><sup>3</sup>\"Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is "
    + "the kingdom of heaven."
    + "<br/><sup>4</sup>Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be "
    + "comforted."
    + "<br/><sup>5</sup>Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth."
    + "<br/><sup>6</sup>Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after "
    + "righteousness: for they shall be filled."
    + "<br/><sup>7</sup>Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy."
    + "<br/><sup>8</sup>Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God."
    + "<br/><sup>9</sup>Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called "
    + "the children of God.\"</p>", //21
    "<strong>Hebrews 12:1&ndash;8 (KJV):</strong><br/>"
    + "<sup>1</sup>Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with so great "
    + "a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which "
    + "doth so easily beset us, and let us run with patience the race that is "
    + "set before us, <sup>2</sup>Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher "
    + "of our faith; who for the joy that was set before him endured the "
    + "cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the "
    + "throne of God. <sup>3</sup>For consider him that endured such "
    + "contradiction of sinners against himself, lest ye be wearied and faint "
    + "in your minds."
    + "<p/><sup>4</sup>Ye have not yet resisted unto blood, striving against "
    + "sin.  <sup>5</sup>And ye have forgotten the exhortation which speaketh "
    + "unto you as unto children,"
    + "<blockquote/>My son, despise not thou the chastening of the Lord, nor "
    + "faint when thou art rebuked of him:"
    + "<br/><sup>6</sup>For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth "
    + "every son whom he receiveth.<sup>&dagger;</sup></blockquote>"
    + "<sup>7</sup>If ye endure chastening, God dealeth with you as with "
    + "sons; for what son is he whom the father chasteneth not? "
    + "<sup>8</sup>But if ye be without chastisement, whereof all are "
    + "partakers, then are ye bastards, and not sons."
    + "<hr/><sup>&dagger;</sup>Prov. 3:11,12", //22
    "<strong>Philippians 3:12&ndash;14 (KJV):</strong><br/>"
    + "<sup>12</sup>Not as though I had already attained, either were already "
    + "perfect: but I follow after, if that I may apprehend that for which "
    + "also I am apprehended of Christ Jesus. <sup>13</sup>Brethren, I count "
    + "not myself to have apprehended: but this one thing I do, forgetting "
    + "those things which are behind, and reaching forth unto those things "
    + "which are before, <sup>14</sup>I press toward the mark for the prize of "
    + "the high calling of God in Christ Jesus.", //23
    "<strong>Ephesians 6:18 (KJV):</strong><br/>"
    + "<sup>18</sup>Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the "
    + "Spirit, and watching thereunto with all perseverance and supplication "
    + "for all saints;", //24
    "<strong>Galatians 6:2 (KJV):</strong><br/>"
    + "<sup>2</sup>Bear ye one another's burdens, and so fulfil the law of "
    + "Christ.", //25
    "<strong>Revelation 2:10 (KJV):</strong><br/>"
    + "<sup>10</sup>Fear none of those things which thou shalt suffer: behold, "
    + "the devil shall cast some of you into prison, that ye may be tried; and "
    + "ye shall have tribulation ten days: be thou faithful unto death, and I "
    + "will give thee a crown of life.", //26
    "<strong>Joshua 1:5&ndash;8 (KJV):</strong><br/>"
    + "<sup>5</sup>There shall not any man be able to stand before thee all "
    + "the days of thy life: as I was with Moses, so I will be with thee: I "
    + "will not fail thee, nor forsake thee."
    + "<p/><sup>6</sup>Be strong and of a good courage: for unto this people "
    + "shalt thou divide for an inheritance the land, which I sware unto their "
    + "fathers to give them. <sup>7</sup>Only be thou strong and very "
    + "courageous, that thou mayest observe to do according to all the law, "
    + "which Moses my servant commanded thee: turn not from it to the right "
    + "hand or to the left, that thou mayest prosper withersoever thou goest. " 
    + "<sup>8</sup>This book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth; but "
    + "thou shalt meditate therein day and night, that thou mayest observe to "
    + "do according to all that is written therein: for then thou shalt make "
    + "thy way prosperous, and then thou shalt have good success.", //27
    "<strong>1 Corinthians 1:4&ndash;10 (KJV):</strong><br/>"
    + "<sup>4</sup>I thank my God always on your behalf, for the grace of God "
    + "which is given you by Jesus Christ; <sup>5</sup>That in every thing ye "
    + "are enriched by him, in all utterance, and in all knowledge; "
    + "<sup>6</sup>Even as the testimony of Christ was confirmed in you: "
    + "<sup>7</sup>So that ye come behind in no gift; waiting for the coming "
    + "of our Lord Jesus Christ: <sup>8</sup>Who shall also confirm you unto "
    + "the end, that ye may be blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ. "
    + "<sup>9</sup>God is faithful, by whom ye were called unto the fellowship "
    + "of his Son Jesus Christ our Lord. "
    + "<p/><sup>10</sup>Now I beseech you, brethren, by the name of our Lord "
    + "Jesus Christ, that ye all speak the same thing, and that there be no "
    + "divisions among you; but that ye be perfectly joined together in the "
    + "same mind and in the same judgment.", //28
    "in Russian Сырдарья; in Kazakh Сырдарийa (Sırdarïya); in Persian سيردريا; "
    + "the ancient Greeks knew this river as ὁ Ιαξάρτης (Yaxartes)",  //29
    "alfalfa", //30
    "Russian верста; it is 1500 Russian cubits (арши́н, arshin) or 3500 English "
    + "feet, which is 1067 metres, just over a kilometre", //31
    "in Russian Перовск; now Қызылорда (Qızılorda), capital of Қызылорда "
    + "облысы (Qızılorda Province), Kazakhstan", //32
    "in Russian Туркестан; now Түркістан (Türkistan), Kazakhstan; note that "
    + "this town should not be confused with the district of Imperial Russia "
    + "known as Russian Turkestan (Русский Туркестан)", //33
    "in Russian Арысь; now Арыс (Arıs), in Оңтүстік Қазақстан облысы (South "
    + "Kazakhstan Province)", //34
    "in Russian Чимке́нт; now Шымкент (Shımkent), Kazakhstan, capital of "
    + "Оңтүстік Қазақстан облысы (South Kazakhstan Province)", //35
    "1600 m (5250 ft)", //36
    "4500 m (14,800 ft)", //37
    "6.4 km", //38
    "<strong>1 Thessalonians 4:13&ndash;18 (KJV):</strong><br/>"
    + "<sup>13</sup>But I would not have you to be ignorant, brethren, "
    + "concerning them which are asleep, that ye sorrow not, even as others "
    + "which have no hope. <sup>14</sup>For if we believe that Jesus died and "
    + "rose again, even so them also which sleep in Jesus will God bring with "
    + "him. <sup>15</sup>For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, "
    + "that we which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall "
    + "not prevent them which are asleep. <sup>16</sup>For the Lord himself "
    + "shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the "
    + "archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise "
    + "first: <sup>17</sup>Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught "
    + "up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and "
    + "so shall we ever be with the Lord. <sup>18</sup>Wherefore comfort one "
    + "another with these words.", //39
    "The second youngest and easternmost village of the Am Trakt colony, "
    + "established in 1872", //40
    "Кибитка, an obsolete Russian term for a yurt.", //41
    "This conversion appears to be off by a factor of 5.  There were two types "
    + "of dessiatine (десяти́на):<ul><li>the state desyatina (казённая "
    + "десяти́на), which was 1.0925&nbsp;ha, or 2.7&nbsp;acres, and the</li>"
    + "<li>farmers' or proprietors' desyatina (владе́льческая десяти́на), which "
    + "was 1.4567&nbsp;ha, or 3.6&nbsp;acres.</li></ul>5000 (state) desyatina "
    + "is 5463&nbsp;ha (13,500&nbsp;acres), exactly 5 times the value quoted "
    + "by the translator.", //42
    "in Russian Аулие́-Ата, in Kazakh Әулие́-Ата (Äwlïe-Ata), now Тараз (Taraz), "
    + "Kazakhstan.  The city was for a while called Джамбу́л (Russian, Dzambul) "
    + "or Жамбы́л (Kazakh, Zambıl), and it is the capital of Жамбыл облысы "
    + "(Zambıl Province)", //43
    "in Russian Бухара, now Buxoro/Бухоро, Uzbekistan", //44
    "<strong>Psalm 77 (KJV):</strong>"
    + "<br/><sup>1</sup>I cried unto God with my voice, even unto God with my "
    + "voice; and he gave ear unto me."
    + "<br/><sup>2</sup>In the day of my trouble I sought the Lord: my sore "
    + "ran in the night, and ceased not: my soul refused to be comforted."
    + "<br/><sup>3</sup>I remembered God, and was troubled: I complained, and "
    + "my spirit was overwhelmed. Selah."
    + "<br/><sup>4</sup>Thou holdest mine eyes waking: I am so troubled that I "
    + "cannot speak."
    + "<br/><sup>5</sup>I have considered the days of old, the years of "
    + "ancient times."
    + "<br/><sup>6</sup>I call to remembrance my song in the night: I commune "
    + "with mine own heart: and my spirit made diligent search."
    + "<br/><sup>7</sup>Will the Lord cast off for ever? and will he be "
    + "favourable no more?"
    + "<br/><sup>8</sup>Is his mercy clean gone for ever? doth his promise "
    + "fail for evermore?"
    + "<br/><sup>9</sup>Hath God forgotten to be gracious? hath he in anger "
    + "shut up his tender mercies? Selah."
    + "<br/><sup>10</sup>And I said, This is my infirmity: but I will remember "
    + "the years of the right hand of the most High."
    + "<br/><sup>11</sup>I will remember the works of the LORD: surely I will "
    + "remember thy wonders of old."
    + "<br/><sup>12</sup>I will meditate also of all thy work, and talk of thy "
    + "doings."
    + "<br/><sup>13</sup>Thy way, O God, is in the sanctuary: who is so great "
    + "a God as our God?"
    + "<br/><sup>14</sup>Thou art the God that doest wonders: thou hast "
    + "declared thy strength among the people."
    + "<br/><sup>15</sup>Thou hast with thine arm redeemed thy people, the "
    + "sons of Jacob and Joseph. Selah."
    + "<br/><sup>16</sup>The waters saw thee, O God, the waters saw thee; they "
    + "were afraid: the depths also were troubled."
    + "<br/><sup>17</sup>The clouds poured out water: the skies sent out a "
    + "sound: thine arrows also went abroad."
    + "<br/><sup>18</sup>The voice of thy thunder was in the heaven: the "
    + "lightnings lightened the world: the earth trembled and shook."
    + "<br/><sup>19</sup>Thy way is in the sea, and thy path in the great "
    + "waters, and thy footsteps are not known."
    + "<br/><sup>20</sup>Thou leddest thy people like a flock by the hand of "
    + "Moses and Aaron.", //45
    "in Russian Самарканд, in Persian سمرقند; now Samarqand/Самарқанд, "
    + "Uzbekistan, capital of Samarqand viloyati/Самарқанд вилояти (Sakarqand "
    + "Province)", //46
    "approximately 100 km", //47
    "in Russian Джизак, now Jizzax/Жиззах, Uzbekistan, capital of Jizzax "
    + "viloyati/Жиззах вилояти (Jizzax Province)", //48
    "in Russian Зарафшан (Zarafshan); in Persian زرعشن; in Uzbek "
    + "Zarafshon/Зарафшoн; to the ancient Greeks, this river was known as "
    + "Polytimetus (Πολῠτῑ́μητος, <i>the most honoured</i>)", //49
    "Russian бег (beg) or бек (bek), cognate with Turkish bey.", //50
    "Russian арба, from Turkish araba; a two wheeled cart; see the text for "
    + "a more complete discription", //51
    "3.5 to 5.5 metres", //52
    "sorghum", //53
    "Typically called the Gur-e Amir (Russian: Гур-Эми́р; Uzbek: Gur Amir/Гур "
    + "Амир) from the Tajik Гури Амир/گر أمير (Tomb of the Emir)", //54
    "in Russian Катта-Курган; in Persian کته قورغان; now Katta Qo'rghon/Катта "
    + "Қўрғон, Uzbekistan", //55
    "<strong>Psalm 32 (KJV):</strong>"
    + "<br/><sup>1</sup>Blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven, whose "
    + "sin is covered."
    + "<br/><sup>2</sup>Blessed is the man unto whom the LORD imputeth not "
    + "iniquity, and in whose spirit there is no guile."
    + "<br/><sup>3</sup>When I kept silence, my bones waxed old through my "
    + "roaring all the day long."
    + "<br/><sup>4</sup>For day and night thy hand was heavy upon me: my "
    + "moisture is turned into the drought of summer. Selah."
    + "<br/><sup>5</sup>I acknowledge my sin unto thee, and mine iniquity have "
    + "I not hid. I said, I will confess my transgressions unto the LORD; and "
    + "thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin. Selah."
    + "<br/><sup>6</sup>For this shall every one that is godly pray unto thee "
    + "in a time when thou mayest be found: surely in the floods of great "
    + "waters they shall not come nigh unto him."
    + "<br/><sup>7</sup>Thou art my hiding place; thou shalt preserve me from "
    + "trouble; thou shalt compass me about with songs of deliverance. Selah."
    + "<br/><sup>8</sup>I will instruct thee and teach thee in the way which "
    + "thou shalt go: I will guide thee with mine eye."
    + "<br/><sup>9</sup>Be ye not as the horse, or as the mule, which have no "
    + "understanding: whose mouth must be held in with bit and bridle, lest "
    + "they come near unto thee."
    + "<br/><sup>10</sup>Many sorrows shall be to the wicked: but he that "
    + "trusteth in the LORD, mercy shall compass him about."
    + "<br/><sup>11</sup>Be glad in the LORD, and rejoice, ye righteous: and "
    + "shout for joy, all ye that are upright in heart.", //56
    "The Emirate of Bukhara became a Russian protectorate in 1868, when it was "
    +" captured by General Von Kaufmann.  After the revolution it was briefly "
    + "reconstituted as the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (Бухарская "
    + "Народная Советская Республика) before being added to the Uzbek SSR in "
    + "1924; now part of Uzbekistan.", //57
    "17.1 km; 16 werst &times; 16 werst is approximately 291 km<sup>2</sup> of "
    + "land, or 72,000 acres.", //58
    "Zirabulak/Зирабулак, Uzbekistan", //59
    "10.7 km", //60
    "pilaf", //61
    "Konstantin Petrovich Von Kaufman (Константин Петрович фон-Кауфман), "
    + "(1818&ndash;1882), from 1867 first Governor-General of Russian "
    + "Turkestan.  During his governor-generalship he launched successful "
    + "campaigns against the Emirate of Bukhara (1868), the Khanate of Khiva "
    + "(1872&ndash;1873), and the Khanate of Kokand (1875), forcing them to "
    + "become subject to Russia.", //62
    "The Khanate of Khiva became a Russian protectorate in 1873, after Khiva "
    + "fell to General Von Kaufman.  After the revolution it was briefly the "
    + "Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (Хорезмская Народная Советская "
    + "Республика) before being divided between the Uzbek SSR and the Turkmen "
    + "SSR in 1924; now parts of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan.", //63
    "in Russian Каракуль, now Qorako'l/Қоракўл, in Buxoro Province, "
    + "Uzbekistan", //64
    "The area traversed here is the southern corner of the Qyzylqum/Қизилқум "
    + "(Kyzyl Kum) Desert of central Uzbekistan.", //65
    "in Russian, Ильджик (Il'dzhik); now Iljik/Илжик, Turkmenistan", //66
    "in Russian, Амударья; in Turkmen Amyderýa/Амыдерйа; in Uzbek "
    + "Amudarë/Амударё; in Persian آمودریا; to the ancient Greeks, this river "
    + "was known as ὁ ‍́Ὠξος (Oxus) and gave the region its classical name "
    + "(Transoxiana).", //67
    "25&ndash;30 cm", //68
    "Александровск; until 1920, this city was known as Петроалександровск "
    + "(Petroalexandrovsk); now Turtkul (Karakalpak spelling: Törtkül/Төрткўл; "
    + "Uzbek spelling: To'rtko'l/Тўрткўл) in the Karakalpak Autonomous "
    + "Republic of Uzbekistan.", //69
    "in Russian Кыпчак; now Kipchak/Кипчак, Uzbekistan", //70
    "many hundred kilometres", //71
    "literally <i>sweet wood</i>, referring to the genus Glycyrrhiza; most "
    + "likely the plants here are Chinese Liquorice (<i>Glycyrrhiza "
    + "uralensis</i>) or Russian Liquorice (<i>Glycyrrhiza echinata</i>).  The "
    + "common liquorice plant is a Mediterranean variety (<i>Glycyrrhiza "
    + "glabra</i>).", //72
    "3&ndash;6 metres", //73
    "2.1 km", //74
    "Presumably a Caspian Tiger (<i>Panthera tigris virgata</i>), which are "
    + "thought to have become extinct in the 1970s.", //75
    "2.7 m; small for a male Caspian Tiger, large for a female.", //76
    "32 km", //77
    "75 cm", //78
    "2.4 metres", //79
    "Khanate of Khiva", //80
    "an aoul (Russian аул, from Turkic awıl) is a Tatar or Caucasian village "
    + "or encampment, sometimes fortified, composed of tents or stone "
    + "dwellings.", //81
    "in Russian Ак-Мечеть (Ak-Mechet'); Oq Mechet/Оқ Мечет, Uzbekistan.  The "
    + "name means <i>White Mosque</i> and is shared by other places in the "
    + "region.", //82
    "in Russian Кунград; now Qo'nghirot/Қўнғирот, in the Karakalpak Autonomous "
    + "Republic of Uzbekistan.  In Karakalpak it is called Qoñrat/Қоңрат.", //83
    "85 km", //84
    "This is a pop up note.  For those who are curious, the title, "
    + "<i>Asienreise</i>, means \"Asia-Journey\" in German.", //85
    "100 metres", //86
    "3 metres", //87
    "the Ustyurt Plateau, in Kazakh Үстірт", //88
    "150&ndash;180 metres", //89
    "Kumis; Turkish Kımız, Russian Кумыс", //90
    "Илецкая Защита (Iletskaya Zashchita, <i>Iletsk Defences</i>); now called "
    + "Соль-Иле́цк (Sol'-Iletsk, <i>Salt Iletsk</i>), and still famous for its "
    + "rocksalt.", //91
    "Сама́ра, capital of Сама́рская о́бласть (Samara Province).  Between 1935 and "
    + "1991 it was called Ку́йбышев (Kuybyshev)", //92
    "Сы́зрань (Syzran'), in Самарская область (Samara Province).", //93
    "Смоленск, capital of Смол́енская о́бласть (Smolensk Province), on the "
    + "Dneper (Днепр) River", //94
    "in Russian Минск; at the time it was the capital of the Minsk Governorate "
    + "(Минская Губерния) of Imperial Russia, now Мінск, capital of "
    + "Belarus", //95
    "Vilnius; in Russian Вильна; at the time it was the capital of the Vilnius "
    + "Governorate (Виленская Губерния) of Imperial Russia, now capital of "
    + " Lithuania", //96
    "in Polish Warszawa; at the time it was part of Imperial Russia, having "
    + "been brought into the Empire after the dissolution of Russian "
    + "controlled \"Congress Poland\" in 1871; now capital of Poland.", //97
    "in Russian Вержболово (Verzhbelovo); at the time in the Suvalkaya "
    + "Governorate (Сувалкская Губерния) of Imperial Russia; now Virbalis, in "
    + "Marijampolė County, Lithuania, on the border with Калининградская "
    + "область (Kaliningrad Province), Russia, which was part of German "
    + "controlled East Prussia (Ostpreußen) until the end of World War II.",//98
    "Eydtkuhnen, in East Prussia (Ostpreußen), on the border with Russia.  "
    + "Now Черныше́вское (Chernyshevskoye), in Калининградская область "
    + "(Kaliningrad Province), Russia, on the border with Lithuania.  It "
    + "remains an important border crossing.", //99
    "now Toruń, joint capital of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship, Poland; famous "
    + "as the birthplace of Copernicus; at the time it was in East Prussia "
    + "(Ostpreußen).", //100
    "now Bydgoszcz, joint capital of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship, "
    + "Poland; Bydgoszcz and Toruń are 45 km apart and now form a metropolitan "
    + "area", //101
    "a German word, with Russian cognate Купе, both meaning \"compartment\" "
    + "derived from the French coupé", //102
    "a borough of Berlin", //103
    "a port in northwestern Germany, 50 km upriver from the North Sea on the "
    + "river Weser.", //104
    "a port geographically separated from Bremen, but operated by the city, "
    + "at the mouth of the river Weser;  The name means <i>Port of "
    + "Bremen</i>.", //105
    "launched 27 February 1884, maiden voyage 4 June 1884; sold in 1901 to "
    + "Elder Dempster Shipping Ltd. and renamed <i>Lake Simcoe</i>; scrapped "
    + "1905.  4730 gross tons (4290 tonnes); passenger complement was 194 in "
    + "1st class, 134 in 2nd class, 876 in steerage", //106
    "Merged with Hamburg America Line (Hapag) in 1970 to become "
    + "Hapag-Lloyd", //107
    "in Hampshire, England.  A major international shipping port on the south "
    + "coast of England.", //108
    "a borough of New York, New York, USA", //109
    "a river in eastern New York State. At its south end, it separates the "
    + "island of Manhattan from the state of New Jersey.  If the <i>Ems</i> "
    + "docked in Brooklyn, the immigrants would have had to cross the East "
    + "River, which separates Manhattan from Long Island, not the Hudson, to "
    + "reach Castle Garden.", //110
    "Castle Garden, also known as Castle Clinton, or the West Battery; in "
    + "Battery Park at the southern end of Manhattan island.  A fort built "
    + "(but never used) for defence of New York during the war of 1812, it "
    + "was used as the Emigrant Landing Depot from 1856 until the Ellis Island "
    + "facility was opened in 1892.", //111
    "in western New York State, on the Niagara River and the Canadian "
    + "border.", //112
    "on the Niagara River, which forms the border between Canada and the "
    + "United States between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario", //113
    "in northern Illinois, on Lake Michigan", //114
    "in eastern Nebraska, across the Missouri River from Council Bluffs, "
    + "Iowa", //115
    "in southeastern Nebraska, capital of the state, 93 km southwest of "
    + "Omaha.", //116
    "in southeastern Nebraska, county seat of Gage County, 64 km south of "
    + "Lincoln on the Big Blue River.", //117
    "The Burlington and Missouri River Railroad, at the time a subsidiary of "
    + "the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, now part of Burlington "
    + "Northern Railroad", //118
    "capital of the German Empire from 1871", //119
    "25 metres", //120
    "1.5&ndash;1.8 metres", //121
    "The book referred to here is probably the following: Moser, Henri, "
    + "1844&ndash;1923.  <i>Durch Central-Asien : die Kirgisensteppe&mdash;"
    + "Russisch Turkestan&mdash;Bochara&mdash;Chiwa&mdash;Das Turkmenenland "
    + "und Persien.</i> Leipzig.  F.A. Brockhaus, Autorisirte deutsche Ausg. "
    + "... 1888. xi,441 p. folded map", //122
    "As far as I can tell, this note is an orphan: it is present in the end "
    + "notes but has no reference in the text.  It is possible it is meant "
    + "as an explanatory note for <i>Kupee</i> above.", //123
    "The settlement's name means <i>On the Trakt</i> referring to its "
    + "location near the Salztrakt (Salt Road) used to transport salt from "
    + "the salt lake El'ton (Эльтон) north to Saratov (Сара́тов) on the Volga "
    + "River.", //124
    "This is likely:  Schneller, Ludwig, 185&ndash;19??.  <i>Kennst du das "
    + "Land? : Bilder aus dem gelobten Lande zur Erklärung der heiligen "
    + "Schrift</i> Leipzig.  Buchhandlung des Ev. Vereinshauses 1889.  XIII, "
    + "386 p.", //125
    "This is a Julian (old style) date.  The assassination occurred on 13 "
    + "March, 1881 in the Gregorian calendar, which is 1 March in the Julian "
    + "calendar.", //126
    "Alexander II (tsar from 1855) was fatally wounded by a bomb thrown at him "
    + "by the Polish revolutionary Ignacy Hryniewiecki in St. Petersburg.",//127
    "Начальник, <i>commander, chief</i>", //128
    "The Ural River (Russian Урал; Kazakh Жайық, <em>Zhayyq</em>) flows from "
    + "the Ural Mountains of Russia southwest to the Caspian Sea, and forms "
    + "part of the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia.  As a result, "
    + "a number of cities mentioned in the text: Uralsk, Orenburg, Orsk are "
    + "considered transcontinental cities, lying in two continents.", //129
    "The Molotschna colony was the second largest Mennonite settlement in "
    + "Imperial Russia, located in the Crimea in present day Zaporizhia "
    + "Province (Запорізька область), Ukraine.  The colony was named after "
    + "the Molotchna (Молочна) river, on which it was situated.", //130
    "The second village built in the Am Trakt settlement, established in "
    + "1855 on the Malyshevka (Малышевкa) River, a tributary of the Tarlyk "
    + "(Тарлык) River, which drains into the Volga (Волга) River south of "
    + "Saratov (Сара́тов)", //131
    "The second youngest and easternmost village of the Am Trakt colony, "
    + "established in 1872", //132
    "Psalm 34:7", //133
    "Тарантас, a traditional Russian carriage", //134
    "");

var popup, tipcss;
function initTip() {
  if (nodyn) return;
  popup = (ns4)? document.object1.document: (ie4)? document.all['object1']: (ie5||ns5)? document.getElementById('object1'): null;
  tipcss = (ns4)? document.object1: popup.style;
  if (popup && tipFollowMouse) {
    if (ns4) document.captureEvents(Event.MOUSEMOVE);
    document.onmousemove = trackMouse;
  }
}

window.onload = initTip;

var t1,t2;  // for setTimeouts
var tipOn = false;  // check if over popup link
var mouseX, mouseY;
function shew(evt, num) {
  if (!popup) return;
  if (t1) clearTimeout(t1);
  if (t2) clearTimeout(t2);
  tipOn = true;
  var tpWd = (ns4)? popup.width: (ie4||ie5)? popup.clientWidth: popup.offsetWidth;
  var tpHt = (ns4)? popup.height: (ie4||ie5)? popup.clientHeight: popup.offsetHeight;
    mouseX = (ns4||ns5)? evt.pageX: window.event.clientX + docbod.scrollLeft;
    mouseY = (ns4||ns5)? evt.pageY: window.event.clientY + docbod.scrollTop;
  if (ns4) {
    var tip = '<div class="com">' + descarray[num] + '</div>';
    popup.write(tip);
    popup.close();
  } else if (ie4||ie5||ns5) {
    var tip = '<div class="com">' + descarray[num]
//    + ' ' + window.event.clientY + ' + ' + docbod.scrollTop
//    + ' ; ' + document.getElementById('object1').clientWidth
//    + ' ; ' + docbod.clientWidth
//    + " [ " + tpWd + " : " + tpHt + " ] "
//    + " [ " + mouseX + " : " + mouseY + " ] "
    + '</div>';
    popup.innerHTML = tip;
  }
  if (!tipFollowMouse) positionTip(evt);
  else t1=setTimeout("tipcss.visibility='visible'",100);
}

function trackMouse(evt) {
  mouseX = (ns4||ns5)? evt.pageX: window.event.clientX + docbod.scrollLeft;
  mouseY = (ns4||ns5)? evt.pageY: window.event.clientY + docbod.scrollTop;
  if (tipOn) positionTip(evt);
}

function positionTip(evt) {
  if (!tipFollowMouse) {
    mouseX = (ns4||ns5)? evt.pageX: window.event.clientX + docbod.scrollLeft;
    mouseY = (ns4||ns5)? evt.pageY: window.event.clientY + docbod.scrollTop;
  }
  // popup width and height
  var tpWd = (ns4)? popup.width: (ie4||ie5)? popup.clientWidth: popup.offsetWidth;
  var tpHt = (ns4)? popup.height: (ie4||ie5)? popup.clientHeight: popup.offsetHeight;
  // document area in view (subtract scrollbar width for ns)
  var winWd = (ns4||ns5)? window.innerWidth-20+window.pageXOffset: docbod.clientWidth+docbod.scrollLeft;
  var winHt = (ns4||ns5)? window.innerHeight-20+window.pageYOffset: docbod.clientHeight+docbod.scrollTop;
  // check mouse position against tip and window dimensions
  // and position the popup 
  if ((mouseX+offX+tpWd)>winWd) 
    tipcss.left = (ns4)? mouseX-(tpWd+offX): mouseX-(tpWd+offX)+"px";
  else
    tipcss.left = (ns4)? mouseX+offX: mouseX+offX+"px";
  if ((mouseY+offY+tpHt)>winHt) 
    tipcss.top = (ns4)? winHt-(tpHt+offY): winHt-(tpHt+offY)+"px";
  else tipcss.top = (ns4)? mouseY+offY: mouseY+offY+"px";
  if (!tipFollowMouse) t1=setTimeout("tipcss.visibility='visible'",100);
}

function hide() {
  if (!popup) return;
  t2=setTimeout("tipcss.visibility='hidden'",100);
  tipOn = false;
}
